Activity

Total debranching thoracic endovascular aortic repair is useful for avoiding neurological complications in cases where cardiopulmonary bypass is difficult and for devising an intraoperative cervical branch reconstruction method.This report describes two patients with INPPL1- related skeletal dysplasia diagnosed prenatally. A literature review is conducted to find out if high-lethality is associated with particular pathogenic variants in INPPL1 gene. Prediction of lethality in the prenatal setting has an impact on perinatal management. Some frameshift variants in INPLL1 gene are uniquely observed in lethal cases; however, more patients are needed to confirm the correlation.We report a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with swelling of the right cheek. CT Scan showed three calculi located anteromedial to the masseter, and well isolated from other major salivary glands. Calculi were surgically removed with standard intraoral incision and exploration.EBV-positive HHV8-negative EBL is part of the spectrum of EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma NOS. This entity can be labeled as primary age-related EBV-associated EBL and appears to respond well to rituximab and thoracentesis.Bosutinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Interstitial lung disease and pleural effusion are pulmonary side effects of TKIs rarely associated with bosutinib treatment.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1002/ccr3.2960.].

Low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) has shown promising clinical benefits in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but how this therapy alleviates pathogenic humoral immunity remains not well understood. The dilemma is that IL-2 can suppress both follicular helper and regulatory T (Tfh and Tfr) cells, which counteract each other in regulating autoantibody production.

Female NZB/W F1 mice received recombinant human IL-2 (3×10

IU/dose) in three treatment regimens (1) short, daily for 7days; (2) medium, daily for 14days, and (3) long, every second day for 28days. Tfh (Foxp3

CXCR5

Bcl6

), Tfr (Foxp3

CXCR5

Bcl6

), germinal centre (GC, B220

GL-7

Fas

) and antibody-secreting cell (ASC, B220

CD138

TACI

) were analysed by flow cytometry. Serum anti-dsDNA level was determined by ELISA. Kidney pathology was evaluated by H&E and immunofluorescence staining. Circulating Tfh and Tfr cells in SLE patients treated with low-dose IL-2 from a previous clinical trial (NCT02084238) was analysed.

Low-dose IL-2 treatment consistently increased Tfr/Tfh ratio in mice and SLE patients, because of a stronger suppression on Tfh cells than Tfr cells. Three treatment regimens revealed distinct immunological features. Tfh suppression was observed in all regimens, but Tfr suppression and GC reduction were recorded in just medium and long regimens. Only the long treatment regimen resulted in inhibited ASC differentiation in spleen, which was accompanied by reduced anti-dsDNA titres and ameliorated kidney pathology.

Low-dose IL-2 therapy increases the Tfr/Tfh ratio, and a less frequent and prolonged treatment can alleviate pathogenic humoral immunity and improve renal function.

Low-dose IL-2 therapy increases the Tfr/Tfh ratio, and a less frequent and prolonged treatment can alleviate pathogenic humoral immunity and improve renal function.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are widely recognised as a subset of CD4

CD25

FOXP3

T cells that have a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis. The impact of HIV-1 infection on immunological properties and effector functions of Tregs has remained the topic of debate and controversy. In the present study, we investigated transcriptional profile and functional properties of Tregs in HIV-1-infected individuals either receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART,

=50) or long-term non-progressors (LTNPs,

=24) compared to healthy controls (HCs,

=38).

RNA sequencing (RNAseq), flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping and functional assays were performed to study Tregs in different HIV cohorts.

Our RNAseq analysis revealed that Tregs exhibit different transcriptional profiles in HIV-infected individuals. While Tregs from patients on ART upregulate pathways associated with a more suppressive (activated) phenotype, Tregs in LTNPs exhibit upregulation of pathways associated with impaired suppressive properties. These observations may explain a higher propensity for autoimmune diseases in LTNPs. Also, we found substantial upregulation of HLA-F mRNA and HLA-F protein in Tregs from HIV-infected subjects compared to healthy individuals. selleck compound These observations highlight a potential role for this non-classical HLA in Tregs in the context of HIV infection, which should be investigated further in other chronic viral infections and cancer.

Our study has provided a novel insight into Tregs at the transcriptional and functional levels in different HIV-infected groups.

Our study has provided a novel insight into Tregs at the transcriptional and functional levels in different HIV-infected groups.The cytological diagnosis of Hürthle cell (oncocytic) thyroid tumors by means of fine-needle aspiration biopsy represents a challenge, as Hürthle cell polymorphism and atypia alone are not indications of malignancy. In our recent work, an original diagnostic algorithm was proposed, which identified and typed malignant thyroid tumors by analyzing the molecular markers of cytological preparations. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of this algorithm at detecting Hürthle cell thyroid tumors in clinical samples used for cytological examination. Cytological and histological examinations of the biopsy material were performed for three patients with nodular neoplasms. Biopsy material of these patients was analyzed by quantitative PCR using preselected molecular markers [normalized concentrations of High-mobility group AT-hook 2 mRNA, three microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs; miR-146b, miR-221 and miR-375) and the mitochondrial (mtDNA)/nuclear DNA ratio]. The results revealed that the molecular test determined the malignancy of three cases of Hürthle cell tumor. This method may therefore be used to complement the cytological diagnosis of fine-needle aspiration biopsy. In all three cases, there was an increased content of mtDNA, indicating Hürthle cell malignancies. Furthermore, in the first case [Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC)], increased miRNA-221 content was detected, which also indicated malignancy. In the second case (Hürthle cell papillary thyroid carcinoma), an increased level of miRNA-146b was present, which indicated papillary carcinoma. In the third case (Hürthle cell adenoma), no markers of malignancy were identified. The present study demonstrated that molecular testing together with cytological analysis can reduce the isk of error in the preoperative cytological diagnosis of unclear or ambivalent cases.